Associations between urinary bisphenol A concentrations during pregnancy and gestational age / 上海预防医学

Objective We aimed to assess the association between urinary bisphenol A(BPA)concentrations and gestational age in pregnant women. Methods A total of 248 pregnant women were recruited from a maternal and child care hospital in Shanghai. A questionnaire survey was completed to collect socio-demographic information and spot urine samples were collected during pregnancy. Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(GC-MS/MS)was used to measure BPA concentrations in urine samples. Linear relationship between urinary BPA level and gestational age was assessed by using generalized additive models. Multivariate regression model was used to evaluate associations of prenatal BPA exposure with gestational age. Results BPA was detected in all the urine samples. Median value and geometric mean of urinary BPA levels were 0.85 μg/L and 1.21 μg/L, respectively. Linear relationship between urinary BPA concentration and gestational weeks was confirmed(non-linear P > 0.05). Positive association between urinary BPA level and gestational age was indicated(regression coefficient, β = 0.19;95%CI:0.04-0.35;P = 0.016). However, it was only observed in girls, stratified by sex of newborns(β = 0.18;95%CI:0.03-0.34;P = 0.020). After stratification by trimester, no significant association was found in the second or the third trimesters. Conclusion Pregnant women are extensively exposed to BPA. Urinary BPA exposure during pregnancy may extend gestational age, especially in girls.

Application of Nucleic Acid Aptamers in Polypeptides Researches / 分析化学

Polypeptides play a vital role in physiological processes of life. The pharmacological and medical value of polypeptides has attracted the attention of researchers in recent years. Aptamers are short, single stranded DNA or RNA which developed by an in vitro process called systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment ( SELEX ) . Aptamers can bind targets with high affinity and specificity. Hence, aptamer is also called "chemical antibody" or "chemist's antibody". To date, there are two main application aspects for polypeptides-targeted aptamers. First, aptamer can be used as specific affinitive elements based on their ability of recognition, which would be applied to polypeptides detection or imaging. The other one is that aptamer can also be used as antagonists based on their ability of inhibiting, which can restrict the activity of polypeptides and block the downstream signaling pathways in vivo, thus can be used to treat the disease associated with polypeptides. In this review, we summarize the numbers of polypeptides-targeted aptamers and the related applications in vitro and in vivo. Current issues and development trends throughout the screening, characterizing and applying of polypeptides-targeted aptamers are also discussed.

Effects of Rhizoma Alismatis decoction on lipid metabolism and PPARα and ACO expression in rats with hyperlipemia / 中国药理学通报

Aim To primarily discuss the mechanism of Rhizoma Alismatis decoction on prevention and treatment of hyperlipemia,through investigating hepat-ic expressions of peroxisome proliferator activated re-ceptor-α(PPARα)and acyl CoA oxidase (ACO)in rats with hyperlipemia. Methods Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats(160 ~ 180 g)were randomly divided into five groups:control group,model group,high-dose of Rhizoma Alismatis decoction group (H-RAD),low-dose of Rhizoma Alismatis decoction group(L-RAD), and Xue-Zhi-Kang group(XZK). Rats in control group were fed with ordinary forage,and the others were with high-fat forage,which lasted for four weeks. At the same time,high and low-dose of Rhizoma Alismatis decoction,as well as Xuezhikang capsule,was admin-istered in respectively designed groups. Then,the TC, TG,HDL and LDL of serum were detected,the mor-phology of liver tissues was observed with HE,and the expressions of PPARα and ACO were detected with RT-PCR and Western blot after four weeks. Results Rhizoma Alismatis decoction could significantly reduce serum concentration of TC,TG and LDL(P < 0. 01), while increasing the concentration of HDL(P < 0. 01) and strengthening the expressions of PPARα and ACO (P < 0. 01). Conclusion Strengthening the expres-sions of PPARα and ACO can be viewed as mecha-nisms of Rhizoma Alismatis decoction in prevention and treatment of hyperlipemia.

Investigation of posttraumatic stress disorders after accidents in Pearl River Delta * / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the incidence and related risk factors of post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) after acci-dents in the Pearl River Delta .Methods Inpatients after accidents from April 2009 to February 2010 in seven hospitals of the Pearl River Delta cities ,such as Guangzhou ,Shenzhen and Zhuhai ,were surveyed with PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) and self-made questionnaire .Results In a total of 554 post traumatic patients ,a prevalence of 28 .5% of PTSD symptoms were found in this region with 7 .8% (marks≥50) of severe degree and 20 .8% (marks :38-49) of mild to moderate degree .In the severe PTSD symptoms group ,the top three items were getting nervous and upset once faced similar situation ,difficulty sleeping or easy to be a-wake ,and the trauma experience caused recurring disturbing memory ,ideas or image .Multivariate analysis showed that female ,una-ble self-care ,incapable of working ,lack help from friends ,multiple injury ,and injury time longer were all associated with the PTSD symptom incidence .Conclusion The prevalence of PTSD symptoms is relatively high in injured patients after accidents in the Pearl River Delta .Early identification and intervention of PTSD symptoms in post-traumatic patients are important for the prevention of PTSD .

Aquaporin 9 in rat brain after severe traumatic brain injury / Aquaporina 9 em cérebro de rato após traumatismo cerebral grave

OBJECTIVE: To reveal the expression and possible roles of aquaporin 9 (AQP9) in rat brain, after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS: Brain water content (BWC), tetrazolium chloride staining, Evans blue staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF), western blot, and real-time polymerase chain reaction were used. RESULTS: The BWC reached the first and second (highest) peaks at 6 and 72 hours, and the blood brain barrier (BBB) was severely destroyed at six hours after the TBI. The worst brain ischemia occurred at 72 hours after TBI. Widespread AQP9-positive astrocytes and neurons in the hypothalamus were detected by means of IHC and IF after TBI. The abundance of AQP9 and its mRNA increased after TBI and reached two peaks at 6 and 72 hours, respectively, after TBI. CONCLUSIONS: Increased AQP9 might contribute to clearance of excess water and lactate in the early stage of TBI. Widespread AQP9-positive astrocytes might help lactate move into neurons and result in cellular brain edema in the later stage of TBI. AQP9-positive neurons suggest that AQP9 plays a role in energy balance after TBI.

OBJETIVO: Revelar a expressão e os possíveis papéis da aquaporina 9 (AQP9) no cérebro de ratos após lesão cerebral traumática (LCT) grave. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados: determinação do conteúdo cerebral de água, corante cloreto de tetrazólio, corante azul de Evans, imunoistoquímica (IHQ), imunofluorescência (IF), western blot e PCR em tempo real. RESULTADOS: O conteúdo cerebral de água alcançou o primeiro e o segundo (o mais alto) picos após 6 e 72 horas. A função da barreira hematoencefálica se mostrou muito prejudicada após 6 horas da LCT. A pior isquemia cerebral ocorreu após 72 horas da LCT. Astrócitos AQP9 positivos e neurônios no hipotálamo foram detectados difusamente pela IHQ e IF após LCT. A abundância de AQP9 e de sua mRNA aumentou após LCT e alcançou dois picos após 6 e 72 horas, respectivamente, da LCT. CONCLUSÕES: AQP9 aumentada pode contribuir para a eliminação de água e lactato em excesso na fase precoce da LCT. Astrócitos difusamente localizados AQP9 positivos podem ajudar a entrada do lactato nos neurônios, promovendo edema cerebral celular na fase tardia da LCT. Neurônios AQP9 positivos sugerem que AQP9 tem um papel no equilíbrio energético após LCT.

Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic radiation on cardiovascular system of workers / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the exposure levels of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields in workplaces and to analyze the effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic radiation on cardiovascular system of occupationally exposed people.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Intensity of electromagnetic fields in two workplaces (control and exposure groups) was detected with EFA-300 frequency electromagnetic field strength tester, and intensity of the noise was detected with AWA5610D integral sound level. The information of health physical indicators of 188 controls and 642 occupationally exposed workers was collected. Data were analyzed by SPSS17.0 statistic software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The intensity of electric fields and the magnetic fields in exposure groups was significantly higher than that in control group (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference of noise between two workplaces (P > 0.05). The results of physical examination showed that the abnormal rates of HCY, ALT, AST, GGT, ECG in the exposure group were significantly higher than those in control group (P < 0.05). There were no differences of sex, age, height, weight between two groups (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic radiation may have some effects on the cardiovascular system of workers.</p>

The role of calcium in the rVvhA induced THP-1 cells apoptosis / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To study the role of Vibrio vulnificus cytolysin(rVvhA) induced THP-1 apoptosis and calcium influx.Methods CCK-8 cell proliferation kit,Fluo3/AM staining and AnnexinV/PI staining were performed to identify the apoptosis and calcium influx induced by rVvhA in THP-1 cells.Results rVvhA could induce THP-1 apoptosis and up-regulate the cellular calcium concentration.BAPTAAM could enhance the calcium influx induced by rVvhA in THP-1.Conclusion rVvhA had cytotoxic to THP-1 cells by inducing apoptosis and triggering extracellular calcium influx.

Evaluation of immune regulation effects of Chinese medicinal formulae based on immunomics of traditional Chinese medicine / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the possibility of evaluation the Chinese medicinal formulae with immune regulation effects according to the immunomics of traditional Chinese medicine.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The possibility of Chinese medicinal formulae with immune regulation effects was obtained from the discriminant equation of the Chinese medicine with immune regulation effects. The original articles about the Chinese medicinal formulae with immune regulation effects were found since 1980 in CNKI. Using literatures determinate immune effects.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>There were 53 kinds, that with calculated determination, from total 60 Chinese medicinal formulae with literatures determinate on immune regulation effects. The coincidence was 88% (53/60). The discriminant score was 0. 89 +/- 0. 03 in group one (there were two or more than two articles have been published to support the medicines immune effects and the articles were finished by different unites independently) and was 0.60 +/- 0.29 in group of random Chinese medicinal formulae. There was a significant deviation (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It was proved preliminarily that the principle of calculation presented in this paper is valuable for the immunomics of traditional Chinese medicine.</p>

Create mathematical model and analysis of correlation between Chinese medicinal characteristics and immunoregulatory activity based on literature informatics / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Intends to create mathematical model and analysis of correlation between Chinese medicinal characteristics and immunoregulatory activity based on literature informatics.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The numbers of the Chinese medicines with immune effects were worked out within the framework of "The China Pharmacopeia" of 2005 edition, from the literature publicized since 1980. The correlation and mathematical model were figured out between Chinese medicinal characteristics including biological classification, different tastes, channel tropism as well as the parts used and immunoregulatory activity based on the statistical software SPSS.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The results showed that the immunoregulatory activity was related to the five tastes of Chinese medicines, and the pungent medicines had less immune effect. The Chinese medicines of underground parts had more immune effect compared with other parts of the medicine. Medicines acting upon heart and kidneys were more powerful as for the immune effects (P <0.05). The coincidence was 74.7% between mathematical computing and original classification.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There are correlations,between Chinese medicinal characteristics and immunoregulatory activity. The mathematical model based on these results can be used for immunopharmacology.</p>

Regulation of Bcl-2 expression in ageing T cells by CD137 and CD28 / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of the costimulatory molecules CD137 and CD28 on Bcl-2 expression in T cells of mice with D-galactose-induced aging and natural aging.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seven-week-old male BALB/c mice were injected daily with D-galactose (120 mg/kg) for 5 months to induce subacute aging, and 16-month-old male BALB/c mice served as the natural aging group. The spleen T cells of were isolated from the rats and stimulated in vitro with conA+IgG, conA+CD137 mAb or conA+CD28 mAb for 48 h. Bcl-2 expression of T cells was detected by flow cytometry and semi-quantitative RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the subacute aging group, Bcl-2 protein expression rate in the T cells stimulated with conA+IgG, conA+CD137 mAb and conA+CD28 mAb were (24.4-/+1.5)%, (34.4-/+2.4) %, and (45.1-/+2.7) %, which were (19.6-/+2.0) %, (26.3-/+1.9) %, and (48.5-/+2.2) % in the natural aging group, respectively. In vitro stimulation with conA+IgG, conA+CD137 mAb and conA+CD28 mAb resulted in expression rate of bcl-2 mRNA in the T cells of 0.309-/+0.039, 0.547-/+0.036, and 0.780-/+0.041 in the subacute aging group, and 0.283-/+0.038, 0.535-/+0.041, and 0.771-/+0.063 in the natural aging group, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CD137 and CD28 can promote bcl-2 expression at both mRNA and protein level in T cells in aging mice, which may be one of the mechanisms through which CD137 and CD28 molecules inhibit aging T cell apoptosis and maintain their function.</p>

Lead Exposure of Blood Source in Blood Change Treatment on Newborns / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore the danger of lead exposure in newborns who accepted the blood stored in blood bank for blood change treatment.Methods The lead level of blood was examined before and after blood change treatment for 37 neonates with hyperbilirubinemia who accepted 53 cases blood stored in blood bank during Jun.to Dec.2006.The level of blood lead was measured by graphite stove atom absorb spectrum method.Results The average lead level of 53 cases blood stored in blood bank was 101.02 ?g/L,which had attained the level of lead poisoning.There were 15 cases(28.5%) whose blood lead levels was very high(≥100 ?g/L),3 cases whose blood lead level ≥200 ?g/L.After blood change treatment,the percentage of the blood lead level ≥100 ?g/L rose from 2.9% to 19.0%.The average level of blood lead after blood change treatment was higher than before(P

Tea saponins affect in vitro fermentation and methanogenesis in faunated and defaunated rumen fluid / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

The effect of tea saponins (TS) on rumen fermentation and methane emission was examined using an in vitro gas production technique named Reading Pressure Technique. Three levels of TS addition (0, 0.2, 0.4 mg/ml) were evaluated in the faunated and defaunated rumen fluid. Compared to the control, TS addition decreased the 24 h gas production in the faunated rumen fluid, but had a minor effect on gas yield in the defaunated rumen fluid. The TS significantly reduced methane production in vitro. In the faunated rumen fluid, 0.2 or 0.4 mg/ml TS decreased the 24 h methane emission by 12.7% or 14.0%, respectively. Rumen fluid pH value was affected neither by TS addition nor by defaunation. The TS addition had only minor effects on volatile fatty acids, but the yield and pattern of volatile fatty acids were greatly affected by defaunation. While the molar proportion of acetate was not affected by defaunation, the propionate was significantly increased and the butyrate significantly decreased. Ammonia-N concentration and microbial protein yield were influenced by TS inclusion and defaunation. Inclusion of 0.4 mg/ml TS increased the microbial protein mass by 18.4% and 13.8% and decreased the ammonia-N concentration by 8.3% and 19.6% in the faunated and defaunated rumen fluid, respectively. Protozoa counts were significantly reduced by TS inclusion. The current study demonstrated the beneficial effect of TS on methane production and rumen fermentation, and indicated that this may be due to the effect of the associated depression on protozoa counts.

Determination of adenosine and cordycepin in Cordyceps sinensis and C. militarris with HPLC-ESI-MS / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>HPLC-ESI-MS to establish a method for simultaneous determination of adenosine and cordycepin in Cordyceps sinensis and C. militarris.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>HPLC-ESI-MS method. An electrospray ionization (ESI) interface and selective ion monitoring (SIM) mode were used. The analytical column was a 2.0 mm x 150 mm Shimadzu VP - ODS column and the mobile phase was water (94%), methanol (5%) and formic acid (1%). 2-Chloroadenosine was used as internal standard for this assay.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The regression equations and coefficient were Y = 0.134 6X + 0.001 29 (r = 0.998 4) for adenosine, Y = 0.216 4X + 0.021 5 (r = 0.999 1) for cordycepin. The liner range was 0.5 approximately 124.5 microg x mL(-1) and 0.5 approximately 136.5 microg x mL(-1) for adenosine and cordycepin, respectively. The average recoveries of adenosine and cordycepin were 95.8% and 98.1%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This method is highly sensitive, fast and selective, which can be used for the determination of nucleosides in C. sinensis and its substitutes. This method can also be applied for the quality control of above herbs.</p>

Perturbation of secretory Ig A in saliva and its daily variation by academic stress

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>Several studies have reported that the secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) concentration in saliva is an indicator of psychological stress. The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between S-IgA and the stress from academic examinations.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>S-IgA levels in 10 medical student volunteers from the second year course between May 4 and July 13, 2000 were examined using the ELISA method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was a tendency for S-IgA in saliva to be higher on the day before academic examinations and during them, and lower on the days between these examinations.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>It may be possible to use this measurement to monitor psychological stress in students and workers.</p>

Perturbation of Secretory Ig A in Saliva and Its Daily Variation by Academic Stress

Objectives: Several studies have reported that the secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) concentration in saliva is an indicator of psychological stress. The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between S-IgA and the stress from academic examinations. Methods: S-IgA levels in 10 medical student volunteers from the second year course between May 4 and July 13, 2000 were examined using the ELISA method. Results: There was a tendency for S-IgA in saliva to be higher on the day before academic examinations and during them, and lower on the days between these examinations. Conclusions: It may be possible to use this measurement to monitor psychological stress in students and workers.